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Ectoparasites — external parasites that live on the surface of the host — are among the most economically significant health problems in Southern African livestock farming. Ticks, mites, lice, and flies cause direct production losses through blood loss, skin damage, reduced feed conversion, and by transmitting serious diseases.
The most economically important ectoparasites in Southern Africa. Key species include:
| Active Ingredient | Mode of Action | Application Method |
|---|---|---|
| Amitraz | Formamidine | Dipping, hand spraying |
| Cypermethrin | Pyrethroid | Dipping, hand spraying, pour-on |
| Fluazuron | IGR (Chitin synthesis inhibitor) | Pour-on; prevents larval moulting |
| Ivermectin | Avermectin (ML) | Injectable; systemic; also endoparasites |
| Doramectin | Avermectin (ML) | Injectable; longer duration than ivermectin |
For effective tick control, dipping must be:
Tick resistance to synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates is widespread in South Africa. Rotate acaricide groups annually:
Test dip solution efficacy annually using a larval packet test if control appears to be deteriorating.
